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ऊर्ट का बादल

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By Er. Alok Kumar
ऊर्ट का बादल
डच खगोलशास्त्री जान हीडेल ऊर्ट ने कई धूमकेतुओं का अध्ययन करने के बाद निष्कर्ष निकाला कि कई धूमकेतुओं की कक्षाएँ अत्यधिक अण्डाकार हैं। हमारी कक्षा की सीमा के निकट, वे सूर्य की परिक्रमा करते हैं और हमारी कक्षा में लौट आते हैं। सामान्य तौर पर, अधिकांश धूमकेतुओं की कक्षाएँ पृथ्वी-सूर्य की दूरी से लगभग एक लाख खगोलीय इकाई बड़ी होती हैं। साथ ही धूमकेतुओं के सौरमंडल में प्रवेश करने की दिशा भी निश्चित नहीं है, वे किसी भी तरह से सौरमंडल में प्रवेश कर जाते हैं। इससे वैज्ञानिक ऊर्ट ने अनुमान लगाया कि सौर मंडल से लगभग 5000 से 100,000 एयू की दूरी पर सौर मंडल के चारों ओर बर्फ और धूल के गोले का एक विशाल बादल बिखरा हुआ होगा।
मंगल और बृहस्पति के बीच क्षुद्रग्रह बेल्ट और नेपच्यून के सामने कुपर बेल्ट के विपरीत, यह ऊर्ट बादल अपनी कक्षा में गोलाकार नहीं है, बल्कि यह सौर मंडल के चारों ओर से फैला हुआ है।
कभी-कभी आंतरिक गति के कारण और कभी-कभी गुरुत्वाकर्षण के कारण, बर्फ और धूल से ढके बादलों के ये बड़े गोले सौर मंडल में खिंच जाते हैं। पहले तो वे सिर्फ बर्फ और धूल के गोले हैं, लेकिन जैसे-जैसे वे सूर्य के करीब आते हैं, सूर्य की ऊर्जा उनके अंदर की बर्फ और गैस को पिघला देती है और गेंद के पीछे एक पूंछ बना देती है। जिन्हें हम धूमकेतु कहते हैं।
वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार, इस ऊर्ट बादल में सभी गेंदों का कुल द्रव्यमान पृथ्वी से अधिकतम 40 गुना और कम से कम 10 गुना होना चाहिए।
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